E-invoicing CTC Models — Clearance, Reporting and Interchange Explained
The e-invoicing continuous transaction control (CTC) models explained from official sources — clearance (centralised and via authorised providers), real-time reporting, decentralised 5-corner exchange (DCTCE), and Peppol 4-corner interchange — with the OECD's definitions, the EU's ViDA digital reporting model, and dated exemplars from Italy, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Hungary, Spain, France, the UAE, Singapore, Belgium and others.
Fiscal Devices and Certified Cash Registers Explained: TSE, RKSV, Online Tills and Real-Time Fiscalisation
Fiscal devices and certified cash registers explained from official sources. The four architectures (offline fiscal memory, certified security module, online devices reporting to a central system, and per-receipt real-time clearance), with dated rules for Germany, Austria, Italy, Poland, Hungary, Croatia, Slovenia, Malta, Russia, Serbia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, and how B2C fiscalisation differs from B2B e-invoicing.